Common rail direct fuel injection is a modern variant of direct fuel injection system for petrol and diesel engines.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail
On diesel engines, it features a high-pressure (over 1,000 bar/15,000 psi) fuel rail feeding individual solenoid valves, as opposed to low-pressure fuel pump feeding unit injectors (Pumpe/Düse or pump nozzles). Third-generation common rail diesels now feature piezoelectric injectors for increased precision, with fuel pressures up to 1,800 bar/26,000 psi.
In gasoline engines, it is used in gasoline direct injection engine technology.
Euro-Norms till now don't really solve the problem and are not safe.
EURO5 EGR calibration leads to a decrease of nucleihttp://www.aidic.it/aaas10/webpapers/48Beatrice.pdf
particles and an increase in the particles number of the accumulation mode. Analogous
results are observed increasing engine speed and load.
"This is not all that new, it's just that the industry and to some extent the EU have been trying to hide the results for years.The industry developed the common rail diesel engine in the 1990's which had the effect of cloaking the emissions by breaking down the particle size to below 1 micron , so if we can't see it , it cant be there ! Clean Diesel is a myth , the sooner we move over to electric drive , the better !"
http://green.autoblog.com/2011/07/24/study-ultrafine-particles-in-diesel-fumes-can-cause-heart-attac/
We conclude that the hazardous ("Common rail") Direct Injection technology is at the core of the problem and it doesn't look like there's a quick fix. The DPF Diesel Particle Filter might make a very bad technology look a bit better, but doesn't fix the problem – Ultrafine Diesel-Soot Particles remain a problem also with the most efficient particle filter: Because it's a filter... Yes, we strongly advocate that all vehicles with Direct Injection Technology must be called back. The Automotive Companies are insured for this kind of incidence. Regulatory measures may include the ban of modern Direct Injection Engine Vehicles within cities. As long as this doesn't happen at least DPF and DeNOx Filters must be mandatory, not only for passenger cars, but also all delivery trucks (UPS, FedEX, DHL, DPD, die Post): this also means an immediate mandatory retrofit for all old "Common Rail" vehicles produced since the mid 1990ties. But note, neurotoxic ultrafine DI-Soot-Particles remain the huge problem.
The main exposure to UFPs is through inhalation. Due to their size, UFPs are considered to be respirable particles. Contrary to the behaviour of inhaled PM10and PM2.5, ultrafine particles are deposited in the lungs,[10] where they have the ability to penetrate tissue and undergo interstitialization, or to be absorbed directly into the bloodstream — and therefore are not easily removed from the body and may have immediate effect.[2] Exposure to UFPs, even if components are not very toxic, may cause oxidative stress,[11] inflammatory mediator release, and could induce lung disease and other systemic effects.[12][13][14]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrafine_particle
See also our post: 'Clean Diesel still a lie'
